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(DR) Planning and implementation of procedures andfacilities for use when essential systems are not availablefor a period long enough to have a significant impact on thebusiness, e.g. when the head office is blown up.Disasters include natural: fire, flood, lightning, hurricane;hardware: power failure, component failure, head crash;software failure: bugs, resources; vandalism: arson,bombing, cracking, theft; data corruption or loss: humanerror, media failure; communications: computer networkequipment, network storm, telephones; security: passwordscompromised, computer virus; legal: change in legislation;personnel: unavailability of essential staff, industrialaction.Companies need to plan for disaster: before: risk analysis,preventive measures, training; during: how should staff andsystems respond; after: recovery measures, post mortemanalysis.Hardware can usually be replaced and is usually insured.Software and data needs to be backed up off site. Alternativecommunication systems should be arranged in case of networkfailure or inaccessible premises, e.g. emergency telephonenumber, home working, alternative data center.